Second Sudanese Civil War

Finally, in 1972, the Addis Ababa Accords (Agreement) was signed and this granted the south regional autonomy for their internal affairs. Although this was less freedom than a succession would have given, it eased their resentment. However, the peace did not last for long. In 1983, President Nimeiry declared in his Islamicization campaign that he wanted to change Sudan into a Muslim Arab state, separating it into three different regions that were required to follow the Shari'a law. This angered the Southern Sudanese people because most of their traditions were Christian, traditional African or animistic beliefs. Even the Northern Sudanese people questioned this plan. But if a citizen stated something in public that was controversial to Nimeiry's plan, you would be arrested. This action caused resentment and hostile feelings in Sudan until war broke out once again. Other things that lead to the resumption of civil war included President Nimeiry's declaration of a state of emergency in order to ensure the Shari'a was enforced and most of the people's constitutional rights were taken away during this time. Also, the government stated amputating arms and legs for theft and doing public thrashings for alcohol possession.
(See "Addis Ababa Accords" and "Shari'a Law" blogs for more detailed information on each subject).

Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War
http://www.sheltercentre.org/shelterlibrary/items/pdf/Sudan.pdf
https://mail.s-sm.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=e733ea6867fe472ca5623e9af8946b0d&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.globalsecurity.org%2fmilitary%2fworld%2fwar%2fsudan-civil-war2.htm